The degree to which each of the contributing editors is respon- sible for the les translation of their allotment depends on how much work the Lexham Greek-English Interlinear Septuagint for those books needed in order to become readable English.
The amount of work varied, and the result is that the wording of some books of the interlinear is retained more than others. The goal of the les was to transparently match the interlinear as much as possible; still, some books required an almost entirely new translation by the les translator. Brannan then reviewed and edited this English translation to meet basic guidelines established for the translation. Over the next several years, small mistakes were discovered and short- comings identified, yet the les continued to grow in popularity to the point that it was considered feasible to publish the translation for a print readership.
Ken M. Penner was invited to reedit the les with a view to publishing the les as a print volume. Translation Because the les is intended to correspond to the Lexham Greek-English Principles Interlinear Septuagint, the translation style of the les is largely controlled 1 See the above Acknowledgements for the list of interlinear translators. The second edition of the les makes more of an effort than the first to focus on the text as received rather than as produced. Because this approach shifts the point of reference from a diverse group to a single implied reader, the new les exhibits more consistency than the multi- editor first edition.
Every effort was made to render the Greek in its own right, with no eye to the Hebrew at all. The English translation should feel idiomatic where the Greek is idi- omatic. It should feel formal where the Greek is formal. It should feel foreign where the Greek feels foreign. In other words, it is not only accept- able, it is positively desirable for the les to feel like a translation, to the extent that Greek readers would have been aware that they were reading a translation.
Ideally, the translation should be as rough or as smooth as the Greek would have seemed to a Greek reader who knew no Hebrew. Sometimes it meant that phrases that were idiomatic in Hebrew but not in Greek—such as prepositional expressions using body parts—were translated literally into English just as they were into Greek.
Greek readers were able to make sense of these foreign-sounding expressions, and English readers can, too. On the other hand, where the Greek style was typical, as in most of the books of the Maccabees, the English of the les is idiomatic as well.
We were guided by the principle that if the Greek is smooth and rep- resents good Greek style, then the English equivalent should convey that style, and that the English should be awkward if the Greek is awkward. Applying this guiding translation principle to vocabulary prompted two guidelines. Where words are cognate in Greek such as nouns and verbs from the same root they should also be cognate in English. Conversely, because an English reader might infer that a certain Greek word lies behind each instance of a certain English gloss, we sought consistency in both directions.
Yet we did not seek a forced lexical consistency that ignores context. Instead, we prefer some lexical flexibility to suit the context. The shift from the third-second century bce Alexandria lxx as pro- duced to the fourth century Christianizing Roman Empire the time Codex Vaticanus was first read did not yield many cases in which the semantic range of a word had changed so much as to warrant a different translation. The goal is contextually appropriate semantics more than gender-inclusive wording.
A longstanding issue in Septuagint studies has been how to render Sep- Proper Nouns tuagint names in English. Hatch and Redpath, to their credit, include an appendix of more than pages with listings of Greek proper names, their instances, and their Hebrew equivalents where available. Recent Greek-English lexicons of the Septuagint largely skip over the problem. This means that outside of Hatch and Redpath, one of the best references to consult regarding names in the Septuagint is actually a 3 Edwin Hatch and Henry A.
The nets tends to render Greek names by transliteration. They describe their method: Names have been treated in essentially two ways: 1 as translations of Hebrew or Aramaic , i. The former have been given their standard equivalent in English e. Egypt and Syria while the latter appear in English transcrip- tion e. Dauid and Salomon. Names are difficult enough to track in English translations of the Hebrew Bible; when they are rendered in an English transliteration of their Greek form, some names become virtually impossible to identify.
Therefore, where possible the les uses the common English form of the related Hebrew proper noun to render the Greek form of that noun: it translates rather than transliterates. Only in cases where no direct link could be established with the Hebrew does the les use a transliterated form of the name. The result is that the text, for the most part, uses recognizable and familiar forms of names for people, places, and people groups.
The first edition of the les included the transliterated forms8 of Greek proper names as footnotes so that scholars and students could have access to the Greek forms. Such footnotes were not cumbersome in a digital pub- lication, but because the second edition was prepared for print publication, these footnotes have been omitted from the second edition.
Conclusion In the introduction to his lexicon of the Septuagint, Takamitsu Mura- oka wrote: Following a series of exploratory studies and debates, we have come to the conclusion that we had best read the Septuagint as a Greek document and try to find out what sense a reader in a period roughly B. Frederick William Danker; 3rd ed. Wright, eds. The Septuagint is treated and understood as a Greek document, and it is trans- lated with the desire to allow English readers to read the Greek document.
Although it may be helpful to consult the underlying Hebrew and Aramaic texts—particularly when the Greek text is difficult to understand—we must remember that the Septuagint was a Greek document, written so that Greek speakers and readers who knew little or nothing of Hebrew could read and hear the writings of the Hebrew Bible in their native tongue.
People have been translating the Scriptures into their own native tongues ever since. We trust you will find this translation of the Septua- gint useful in your studies. And may God do good to you and remember his covenant that he made with Abraham and Isaac and Jacob, his faithful servants.
And may he grant you all a heart for everything to worship him and do his will with a strong heart and a willing soul. Septuagint resources What follows is a selective bibliography of books useful as starting points when working with the Septuagint. Aitken, James K. Alexander, Patrick H. Hendrickson, Bauer, Walter. Edited by Frederick William Danker. University of Chicago Press, It's very arduous and time-consuming work for the benefit of others!
Reviewer: apuntes - favorite favorite favorite - November 9, Subject: Book of Job Incomplete The Book of job has only 26 chapters and many versicles have errors. Including an introduction describing to which Greek version of the Septuaging the interlinear corresponds to would be welcome.. Reviewer: traxxion - favorite favorite favorite - February 2, Subject: Suggest disregarding the 1 star rating of mwidunn1 Who is evidently unaware of the fact that neither the Jews nor the "Church" presumably meaning Roman Catholic??
Also the Greek Orthodox of course used the Septuagint, but the Catholic discarded it in favour of the Vulgate, so I cannot rate the document on experience, but to balance out this appalling and ridiculous rating for the reasons given I will assign a 3 at least.
There are of course other volumes like Brenton LXX which include the Apochrypha and if that is what you want instead, go for it. I recommend considering the Septuagint for the fact that it is the most oft quoted text family in the New Testament and resolved many textual issues that arose from the Latin Vulgate "fudging" of Hebrew readings which did not match the LXX, inherited in many English translations to this day.
It was also for the most part the Old Testament of the early church. This is not the full Septuagint. These files have been of great assistance in the preparation of the Blue Letter Bible Septuagint text. They have been used, with permission, for non-commercial use only.
Absolutely no commercial use is permitted. The Blue Letter Bible is a non-commercial Christian Bible Study website which accepts no advertising or other sources of revenue. Individual instructors or editors may still require the use of URLs. Keep me logged in! Error: Usernames should only contain letters, numbers, dots, dashes, or underscores. Passwords should have at least 6 characters. Usernames should only contain letters, numbers, dots, dashes, or underscores.
Cookie Notice: Our website uses cookies to store user preferences. By proceeding, you consent to our cookie usage. Blue Letter Bible study tools make reading, searching and studying the Bible easy and rewarding. Clear Advanced Options. DBY Darby Translation. WEB Webster's Bible. RVR60 Reina-Valera VUL Latin Vulgate. Line-By-Line Order:. Separate Line. Verse Only. Reference Only. None — Jhn KJV. Square — [Jhn KJV]. Parens — Jhn KJV.
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